• Welcome to TalkWeather!
    We see you lurking around TalkWeather! Take the extra step and join us today to view attachments, see less ads and maybe even join the discussion.
    CLICK TO JOIN TALKWEATHER

Significant Tornado Events

Well, Idk what happened but I couldn’t log into my account this morning so i’m back on this old account lol. It’s AJS but on this account now.

Anyway, concrete scouring like @buckeye05 said is extremely rare and i’ve only seen it associated with the highest of high end events. Most notably with Hackleburg/Phil Campbell, Jarrell, and Loyal Valley.
The more I read and learn about this tornado, the more I realize that this truly could’ve been the most violent tornado of 2015 up there with Rochelle.
Oh, I thought I was hallucinating for a sec... but nope, @AJS did indeed log back in to his old account.

Also, Merry Christmas everyone!
 
I don’t know. I’d need photos and corroboration, especially given the prevalence of big time exaggeration in newspapers around that time period. Also generally, I’ve noticed a stronger correlation between extreme intensity and the type of scouring that results in a total removal of all surface vegetation across an even contour leaving a swath of bare soil, versus deep trench type scouring.
Take this with a grain of salt, because 1928, but grazulis said in his book the tornado nature’s ultimate windstorm, that it “plowed furrows 4 to 6 feet deep, a farmer noted ‘that’s deep enough to bury a horse’” it moved very slowly.
 
Oh, I thought I was hallucinating for a sec... but nope, @AJS did indeed log back in to his old account.

Also, Merry Christmas everyone!
Oh dude, you have no idea how annoyed that I was that I had to log back into this account lmao. I read my old messages and apparently I used to think that Washington, IL 2013 was one of the strongest tornadoes of all time. I’m sure @buckeye05 would love to go back to those good old days and have a very fun discussion with 13 year old me about that lol.

Anyway, merry christmas everyone! What a year it’s been for significant tornadoes. First EF5 in over 12 years, multiple significant outbreaks including the new costliest outbreak in history, and what’s a tornado year without any controversy over ratings??

* cough cough * Bakersfield, MO and Grinnell, KS.
 
I know I've been one of this forum's most adamant proponents of an EF5 rating for Holly Springs (and still am) but honestly, that's a fair stance. Still, imo it speaks more to the awful quality of the survey than the intensity of the tornado itself.

Even though MEG left us with a puzzle, I do think the granulation and other damage at the Motorsports Park, and vehicle mangling/ground scouring/anchored home in the Ashland area paint a pretty clear intensity picture IMO.

And here's the home in question... not a totally clean sweep, I'll admit. If this was where the tornado peaked in intensity, I'd honestly agree with EF4 tbh.
539285


There are definitely anchor bolts though, visible where the partial sill plates remain. Interestingly, beyond that are some holes along the perimeter of the slab; I think the bolts may have been torn out. Again, to be noted is that the tornado had already weakened slightly when it passed over this residence on Blackjack Rd on the far northeastern edge of Ashland.

(I also note the look of the hill in the background, but idk if it's true scouring or just typical patchy late-season grass, so I'll leave that open to interpretation).
One of my main issues with this house is the debris pattern. Some large structural components are still intact within the debris pile in that pic. I’d be more comfortable with considering EF5 if the degree of obliteration and sweeping was more complete.
 
Last edited:
One of my main issues with this house is the debris pattern. Some large structural components are still intact within the debris pile in that pic. I’d be more comfortable with considering EF5 if the degree of obliteration and sweeping was more complete.
If we were rating this like Enderlin (purely on contextuals) and you were surveying, would you give the racetrack area an EF5 rating?

I'd recommend looking at the safety barrier closer. Sheered rebar is super high-end isn't it? I only know of Parkersburg and Chapman doing that off the top of my head.

And Merry Christmas, y'all!!
 
If we were rating this like Enderlin (purely on contextuals) and you were surveying, would you give the racetrack area an EF5 rating?

I'd recommend looking at the safety barrier closer. Sheered rebar is super high-end isn't it? I only know of Parkersburg and Chapman doing that off the top of my head.

And Merry Christmas, y'all!!
As the old speedbump305 would say:

“ OMG THISH IS THE MOSHT INTENSH DAMAG I HAV EVER SHEEN. “

In all seriousness, I think a good analogy for that house that was largely swept away from the Holly Springs, MS tornado is the house that was completely destroyed by the Diaz, AR tornado this year. Contextual evidence was very high end, but the house wasn’t a fully complete sweep.
 
If we were rating this like Enderlin (purely on contextuals) and you were surveying, would you give the racetrack area an EF5 rating?

I'd recommend looking at the safety barrier closer. Sheered rebar is super high-end isn't it? I only know of Parkersburg and Chapman doing that off the top of my head.

And Merry Christmas, y'all!!
The barrier is indeed pretty impressive, and I remember when this happened, the general consensus was that something heavy like a vehicle smashed into it. But the issue is that we’re likely looking at damage from a debris impact rather than raw wind damage. So how do you calculate that? With Enderlin, it was just wind alone, and I’d classify that rating as calculation based rather than context based. The problem with the Holly Springs barrier is that I want to see some calculations and numbers, but I don’t know how one would arrive at wind speeds from damage that occurs “by proxy” largely as a result of mass and kinetic energy, versus just straight up wind.

Then again, one could argue, “isn’t that wall engineered to survive race cars crashing into it, yet it broke? Isn’t that enough evidence?” I can see that point too, but its also just as possible the wall was engineered to have some “give” so the transfer of energy isn’t quite as brutal for the race car driver during a crash. it’s just one of those damage points that’s so unique, I don’t know what to really think.
 
Last edited:
As the old speedbump305 would say:

“ OMG THISH IS THE MOSHT INTENSH DAMAG I HAV EVER SHEEN. “

In all seriousness, I think a good analogy for that house that was largely swept away from the Holly Springs, MS tornado is the house that was completely destroyed by the Diaz, AR tornado this year. Contextual evidence was very high end, but the house wasn’t a fully complete sweep.
Diaz seemed very borderline for me. That, in my opinion is a place where 195 or 200mph would actually work and not screw up the ratings.
 
Diaz was pretty dang close. I’m surprised it doesn’t get talked about more. I recall the main issue was wide bolt spacing, along with the debris pattern.
I was very impressed with the damage to the home and the surrounding area. The contextual damage in my opinion honestly met the criteria in my opinion. I feel like if the bolt spacing had not been as wide, it mayyyyy have had a shot. But that’s a big maybe though.
 
The barrier is indeed pretty impressive, and I remember when this happened, the general consensus was that something heavy like a vehicle smashed into it. But the issue is that we’re likely looking at damage from a debris impact rather than raw wind damage. So how do you calculate that? With Enderlin, it was just wind alone, and I’d classify that rating as calculation based rather than context based. The problem with the Holly Springs barrier is that I want to see some calculations and numbers, but I don’t know how one would arrive at wind speeds from damage that occurs “by proxy” largely as a result of mass and kinetic energy, versus just straight up wind.

Then again, one could argue, “isn’t that wall engineered to survive race cars crashing into it, yet it broke? Isn’t that enough evidence?” I can see that point too, but its also just as possible the wall was engineered to have some “give” so the transfer of energy isn’t quite as brutal for the race car driver during a crash. it’s just one of those damage points that’s so unique, I don’t know what to really think.

So I guess your first step as a surveyor would be to discover if the barrier was designed to have give or not. If it wasn't, an EF5 rating could be viable. You only have to know if winds were higher than 200 mph, not the exact number. Then the question becomes, what winds are required to generate more force than a high speed racecar crash.

Man, I find myself constantly wishing we had a mechanical engineer who frequents this forum lol.
 
I was very impressed with the damage to the home and the surrounding area. The contextual damage in my opinion honestly met the criteria in my opinion. I feel like if the bolt spacing had not been as wide, it mayyyyy have had a shot. But that’s a big maybe though.
I just don't see any way it could recieve EF5 with the giant tree sitting in the middle of the slab. Debris is already used as an exuse even when there isn't a giant culprit staring you in the face. Diaz is just a great example of the sample size being too small. I think I actually agree with the 190 mph rating.

Now if I saw some really convincing debarking, scouring, or large compact objects being thrown long distances I might come around to it.
 
One of my main issues with this house is the debris pattern. Some large structural components are still intact within the debris pile in that pic. I’d be more comfortable with considering EF5 if the degree of obliteration and sweeping was more complete.
I actually agree with you here. Again, EF4 is fine for that particular residence, even if the assigned windspeed was on the lower side IMO.

Again, the main thing that convinces me of higher intensity is that the tornado had already weakened slightly in the far northeastern corner of Ashland.

Unfortunately, because the survey was so poorly done, the only other ground level photo I can find of a slabbed home is this one. It was a (presumably unanchored) block foundation home, though it basically disappeared with little debris remaining. Sadly, three people died in this house, including one who was thrown a quarter mile away and not found for days.
535332
 
I actually agree with you here. Again, EF4 is fine for that particular residence, even if the assigned windspeed was on the lower side IMO.

Again, the main thing that convinces me of higher intensity is that the tornado had already weakened slightly in the far northeastern corner of Ashland.

Unfortunately, because the survey was so poorly done, the only other ground level photo I can find of a slabbed home is this one. It was a (presumably unanchored) block foundation home, though it basically disappeared with little debris remaining. Sadly, three people died in this house, including one who was thrown a quarter mile away and not found for days.
535332
Oh I remember that house; it’s one of the cleanest sweeps I’ve ever seen. I agree the tornado almost certainly peaked around that area, but my issue is that it was clearly an old unanchored block foundation home like you mentioned. Contextually impressive, but way too structurally frail to be considered for an EF5 rating. Now if we saw this kind of context at the other more well-built slab foundation home, then we’d be talking. But in reality It’s one of those cases where the two crucial components for an EF5 rating (construction and context) are present, but fail to overlap at a single location.

So in a nutshell, while I don’t disagree that EF5 intensity was probably reached, I maintain that there’s no singular clear cut damage point that could actually be rated EF5. When it comes to the term “EF5 candidate”, to me that means a tornado that produced damage that meets the actual EF5 criteria and could have conceivably rated as such, but wasn’t. I don’t see how Holly Springs would fit into that category.
 
Also still waiting on the specific construction issues that would supposedly take Rochelle off the EF5 candidate list. I can’t just take the vague explanation of “there were structural flaws” and call that sufficient reasoning. That could mean soooo many different things.
 
Also still waiting on the specific construction issues that would supposedly take Rochelle off the EF5 candidate list. I can’t just take the vague explanation of “there were structural flaws” and call that sufficient reasoning. That could mean soooo many different things.
I think he might be using Nick Kras' analysis as a basis. Let's break each house he covered down.

10386 E Kuehl Ct - sill plates attached with anchor bolts, but a few were missing nuts and washers. This phenomenon can just as easily be explained by the tornado itself tearing them out rather than poor construction. He also cited poor contextuals. This was the sidewalk house. He rated it HE EF3.

14874 IL-64 - west side lacked any connections and had unfilled CMU blocks present. East side was bolted, but far apart. He rated it ME EF3.

He did not cover any other DI. This was because of a lack of pictures at the other 200 EF4 DIs.

He rated the tornado 180 EF4, due to violent contextuals overlapping with "poor" construction.
 
Also still waiting on the specific construction issues that would supposedly take Rochelle off the EF5 candidate list. I can’t just take the vague explanation of “there were structural flaws” and call that sufficient reasoning. That could mean soooo many different things.
From what i could remember, apparently the Kuehl Court home (200 mph one) lacked of washers and nuts in some of the bolts. Nothing too violent on contextuals aside from displacement of concrete sidewalk while the tree in front of the home is still standing and unscathed.
 
I think he might be using Nick Kras' analysis as a basis. Let's break each house he covered down.

10386 E Kuehl Ct - sill plates attached with anchor bolts, but a few were missing nuts and washers. This phenomenon can just as easily be explained by the tornado itself tearing them out rather than poor construction. He also cited poor contextuals. This was the sidewalk house. He rated it HE EF3.

14874 IL-64 - west side lacked any connections and had unfilled CMU blocks present. East side was bolted, but far apart. He rated it ME EF3.

He did not cover any other DI. This was because of a lack of pictures at the other 200 EF4 DIs.

He rated the tornado 180 EF4, due to violent contextuals overlapping with "poor" construction.
I'd argue Rochelle deserves like at least 180 or 185 mph EF4. Cisco on other hand was pretty violent based on the tree damage and the vehicle damage (maybe the scouring too)
 
Back
Top