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Severe Weather Threat 4/28-4/30

The environment around where the HRRR is showing the initiation attempts:

1745774249444.png

Pretty shallow moist layer but in my very amateur analysis there looks like a couple hour window where the cap is week enough that storms could initiate and become established today. The is a very narrow corrider of deeper moisture/higher 3cape values pooled along the dryline but as shown it actually retreats westwards which is probably why the HRRR is initiating storms but not truly breaking the cap as the storms outrun the deeper moisture.
 
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MULTIPLE CORRIDORS OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED ACROSS THE
UPPER MIDWEST ON MONDAY INTO MONDAY NIGHT, WITH A REGIONAL SEVERE
WEATHER OUTBREAK POSSIBLE. THE MOST DANGEROUS PERIOD IS LIKELY
DURING THE LATE AFTERNOON AND EVENING WHEN STRONG TORNADO POTENTIAL
SHOULD BE MAXIMIZED. SCATTERED LARGE TO VERY LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING
WINDS ARE LIKELY AS WELL.

..SYNOPSIS

A POSITIVE-TILT, UPPER-LEVEL TROUGH WILL CONSIST OF MULTIPLE
EMBEDDED SHORTWAVE IMPULSES, MOVING EAST-NORTHEAST FROM THE CENTRAL
HIGH PLAINS TO THE UPPER MIDWEST. A BELT OF 70+ KT 500-MB
SOUTHWESTERLIES WILL BE PRESENT FROM THE CENTRAL GREAT PLAINS TO THE
UPPER MS VALLEY ON MONDAY AFTERNOON. PRIMARY SURFACE CYCLONE SHOULD
DEEPEN SLIGHTLY DURING THE DAY AS IT ADVANCES FROM EASTERN SD TO THE
UPPER GREAT LAKES. A DRYLINE WILL EXTEND FROM THE MID-MO VALLEY
SOUTH-SOUTHWEST INTO WEST TX. A COLD FRONT WILL OVERTAKE THE DRYLINE
AS IT SURGES SOUTHEAST MONDAY NIGHT.

..UPPER MIDWEST

AFTER COORDINATION WITH AFFECTED WFOS, PRIMARY ADJUSTMENTS HAVE
OCCURRED ALONG THE SOUTHERN EXTENT OF THE SEVERE PROBABILITIES TO
ACCOUNT FOR A MORE CONDITIONAL, BUT STILL POTENTIALLY SIGNIFICANT
SEVERE THREAT.

AN ARC OF ELEVATED THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE ONGOING AT 12Z MONDAY FROM
ND ACROSS THE UPPER MS VALLEY. ISOLATED LARGE HAIL WILL BE POSSIBLE
WITH THESE MORNING STORMS AS THEY MOVE EAST-NORTHEAST. ADDITIONAL
ELEVATED STORMS WILL REDEVELOP TOWARDS MIDDAY/EARLY AFTERNOON TO THE
NORTHEAST OF THE AFOREMENTIONED SURFACE LOW. THIS WILL SLOW THE
ADVANCEMENT OF THE SURFACE WARM FRONT INTO CENTRAL MN, BUT
STRENGTHEN DIFFERENTIAL SURFACE HEATING ACROSS THE BAROCLINIC ZONE,
WITH GREATER WARMING NOSING NORTH FROM NE INTO SOUTHEAST SD.
SURFACE-BASED STORM DEVELOPMENT SHOULD OCCUR BY MID-AFTERNOON ACROSS
A PORTION OF THE MID-MO VALLEY INTO SOUTHWEST/WEST-CENTRAL MN ALONG
THE DRYLINE TO SURFACE LOW. LARGE HAIL SHOULD BE THE PRIMARY INITIAL
THREAT, BUT CELLS MAY CONGEAL INTO LINEAR CLUSTERS, ESPECIALLY
NEAR/ACROSS THE WARM FRONT. A MIX OF HAIL/WIND/EMBEDDED TORNADOES IS
LIKELY, WITH THE LATTER INCREASING WITH SOUTHERN/EASTERN EXTENT
DURING LATE AFTERNOON OWING TO STRONGER LOW-LEVEL SHEAR ACROSS
SOUTHEAST MN/NORTHEAST IA INTO WESTERN WI.

OPEN WARM-SECTOR STORM DEVELOPMENT AHEAD OF THE DRYLINE IS NEBULOUS
WITH LOW CONFIDENCE ON THE DEGREE OF ASCENT AHEAD OF THE DRYLINE
GIVEN THE SYNOPTIC SETUP. CONDITIONALLY, BOTH THE BUOYANCY/SHEAR
PARAMETER SPACE IS VOLATILE AND SUPPORTIVE OF POTENTIAL FOR MULTIPLE
LONG-TRACK, TORNADIC SUPERCELLS. TIMING OF MID-LEVEL HEIGHT FALLS
TENDS TO FAVOR THE EVENING PERIOD AFTER PEAK HEATING BUT CAM
SIGNALS, OUTSIDE OF THE 12Z FV3, ARE SPARSE. GREATER LARGE-SCALE
ASCENT APPEARS FOCUSED FROM FAR NORTHEAST IA INTO WI. THIS REGION
REMAINS THE MOST FAVORABLE FOR DISCRETE WARM-SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
DURING THE EVENING. OTHERWISE, UPSTREAM LINEAR CLUSTERS FROM
SOUTHERN/EASTERN MN WILL LIKELY SPREAD ACROSS NORTHERN/CENTRAL WI
INTO PARTS OF UPPER MI WITH A MIXED MODE OF ALL HAZARDS PERSISTING,
BEFORE EVENTUALLY WEAKENING OVERNIGHT.
 
View attachment 40438
View attachment 40437

MULTIPLE CORRIDORS OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED ACROSS THE
UPPER MIDWEST ON MONDAY INTO MONDAY NIGHT, WITH A REGIONAL SEVERE
WEATHER OUTBREAK POSSIBLE. THE MOST DANGEROUS PERIOD IS LIKELY
DURING THE LATE AFTERNOON AND EVENING WHEN STRONG TORNADO POTENTIAL
SHOULD BE MAXIMIZED. SCATTERED LARGE TO VERY LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING
WINDS ARE LIKELY AS WELL.

..SYNOPSIS

A POSITIVE-TILT, UPPER-LEVEL TROUGH WILL CONSIST OF MULTIPLE
EMBEDDED SHORTWAVE IMPULSES, MOVING EAST-NORTHEAST FROM THE CENTRAL
HIGH PLAINS TO THE UPPER MIDWEST. A BELT OF 70+ KT 500-MB
SOUTHWESTERLIES WILL BE PRESENT FROM THE CENTRAL GREAT PLAINS TO THE
UPPER MS VALLEY ON MONDAY AFTERNOON. PRIMARY SURFACE CYCLONE SHOULD
DEEPEN SLIGHTLY DURING THE DAY AS IT ADVANCES FROM EASTERN SD TO THE
UPPER GREAT LAKES. A DRYLINE WILL EXTEND FROM THE MID-MO VALLEY
SOUTH-SOUTHWEST INTO WEST TX. A COLD FRONT WILL OVERTAKE THE DRYLINE
AS IT SURGES SOUTHEAST MONDAY NIGHT.

..UPPER MIDWEST

AFTER COORDINATION WITH AFFECTED WFOS, PRIMARY ADJUSTMENTS HAVE
OCCURRED ALONG THE SOUTHERN EXTENT OF THE SEVERE PROBABILITIES TO
ACCOUNT FOR A MORE CONDITIONAL, BUT STILL POTENTIALLY SIGNIFICANT
SEVERE THREAT.

AN ARC OF ELEVATED THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE ONGOING AT 12Z MONDAY FROM
ND ACROSS THE UPPER MS VALLEY. ISOLATED LARGE HAIL WILL BE POSSIBLE
WITH THESE MORNING STORMS AS THEY MOVE EAST-NORTHEAST. ADDITIONAL
ELEVATED STORMS WILL REDEVELOP TOWARDS MIDDAY/EARLY AFTERNOON TO THE
NORTHEAST OF THE AFOREMENTIONED SURFACE LOW. THIS WILL SLOW THE
ADVANCEMENT OF THE SURFACE WARM FRONT INTO CENTRAL MN, BUT
STRENGTHEN DIFFERENTIAL SURFACE HEATING ACROSS THE BAROCLINIC ZONE,
WITH GREATER WARMING NOSING NORTH FROM NE INTO SOUTHEAST SD.
SURFACE-BASED STORM DEVELOPMENT SHOULD OCCUR BY MID-AFTERNOON ACROSS
A PORTION OF THE MID-MO VALLEY INTO SOUTHWEST/WEST-CENTRAL MN ALONG
THE DRYLINE TO SURFACE LOW. LARGE HAIL SHOULD BE THE PRIMARY INITIAL
THREAT, BUT CELLS MAY CONGEAL INTO LINEAR CLUSTERS, ESPECIALLY
NEAR/ACROSS THE WARM FRONT. A MIX OF HAIL/WIND/EMBEDDED TORNADOES IS
LIKELY, WITH THE LATTER INCREASING WITH SOUTHERN/EASTERN EXTENT
DURING LATE AFTERNOON OWING TO STRONGER LOW-LEVEL SHEAR ACROSS
SOUTHEAST MN/NORTHEAST IA INTO WESTERN WI.

OPEN WARM-SECTOR STORM DEVELOPMENT AHEAD OF THE DRYLINE IS NEBULOUS
WITH LOW CONFIDENCE ON THE DEGREE OF ASCENT AHEAD OF THE DRYLINE
GIVEN THE SYNOPTIC SETUP. CONDITIONALLY, BOTH THE BUOYANCY/SHEAR
PARAMETER SPACE IS VOLATILE AND SUPPORTIVE OF POTENTIAL FOR MULTIPLE
LONG-TRACK, TORNADIC SUPERCELLS. TIMING OF MID-LEVEL HEIGHT FALLS
TENDS TO FAVOR THE EVENING PERIOD AFTER PEAK HEATING BUT CAM
SIGNALS, OUTSIDE OF THE 12Z FV3, ARE SPARSE. GREATER LARGE-SCALE
ASCENT APPEARS FOCUSED FROM FAR NORTHEAST IA INTO WI. THIS REGION
REMAINS THE MOST FAVORABLE FOR DISCRETE WARM-SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
DURING THE EVENING. OTHERWISE, UPSTREAM LINEAR CLUSTERS FROM
SOUTHERN/EASTERN MN WILL LIKELY SPREAD ACROSS NORTHERN/CENTRAL WI
INTO PARTS OF UPPER MI WITH A MIXED MODE OF ALL HAZARDS PERSISTING,
BEFORE EVENTUALLY WEAKENING OVERNIGHT.

So not a lot of confidence but greater confidence in NE Iowa to WI guess
 
Yeah so they basically went from "CAMs are all wrong." to "Ya know, maybe they're right."
I'm sticking to what I said on this one. The SPC are the professionals though, so take what I say with a grain of salt.

I still think supercells will occur in a discrete/semi-discrete fashion. The conditions that the CAMS are showing are ripe for them, but I don't see why they wouldn't initiate. I don't particularly agree with shrinking the moderate risk either. The conditions in Iowa are just as volitile as in Minnesota and Wisconsin, and supercells might actually favor Iowa more due to the fact that there is just more space to initiate down there.
 
Super controversial take here, but I do think there will probably be weather tomorrow.

Can someone please translate what this means
More or less it means storms don't form due to a strong cap - at least this is what modelling suggests.
 
Super controversial take here, but I do think there will probably be weather tomorrow.
Eric Andre GIF by L.A. Foodie
 
I agree with the removal of the moderate risk to the south, it’s one thing if only a couple models showed no initiation, it’s a whole other thing when it’s a only a couple models showing initiation.

The models have their biases and drawbacks, but they too take into account the bigger synoptic picture and still show limited to no convection.

The meteorologist at the SPC are aware and when models are still showing this outcome, they kinda have no choice but to tone it down.

Things can change still obviously, but it’s definitely important to keep in mind that this is actually another boom or b#st scenario, although this time there’s actually an in between on what could happen.
 
Here's part of NWS La Crosse's most recent forecast discussion:

101 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025
...

Monday Afternoon

In the wake of the warm front, an elevated mixed layer over the Central Plains will will quickly overspread the area. 700 mb temperatures will quickly warm to around 8C. In addition, the air mass above 800 mb looks to quickly dry out. However, with steep 650-300 mb lapse rates, a few CAMs suggest that if there is any moisture remaining that we could see some elevated showers. Another factor going against shower and storm development is that the area will be in the right entrance region of an 80-100 knot jet. This will increase the subsidence across the region.

Monday night

As a northern stream shortwave approaches the area, the left entrance region of 250 mb jet will overspread the area. This along with the approaching dry line, there should be sufficient lift to cool the 700 mb temperatures. This will allow the cap to break and convection should quickly develop. STP values of 3 to 5 are common across much of the warm sector ahead of anticipated storms with some guidance indicating values of 7 to 10. In addition, as the 850 and 700 mb winds increase, the hodograph will lengthen. If discrete storms happen to develop ahead of the dry line in that environment, they could potentially produce a strong tornado.

Somewhere between 7 PM and 10 PM, the squall line associated with the dry line will move into northeast Iowa and southeast Minnesota. As the night progresses, the surface cold front gradually catches up to this dry line. With low freezing levels and dry air aloft, large hail (some locations could see hail stones greater than 2 inches in diameter) will be a possibility in some of the stronger storms. In addition, the combination of dry air aloft and 50-65 knots 850 and 700 mb winds could be potentially translated to the surface. Finally, the 0-1 km shear vector will support the potential of QLCS tornadoes. With these tornadoes being rain-wrapped, it being night, and speed of the storms being 40 to 50 knots, this increases the potential danger from these storms. It still looks like the storms will move out of the area between 6 and 9Z.

...

DISCUSSION...Boyne
 
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