Richard, please correct me if I am wrong on this. It's actually one of the more difficult ingredients for the models to get right. Why? The warm nose is usually shallow and narrow. We’re often talking about a layer only a few thousand feet thick, sometimes thinner, and its exact position depends on small differences in wind direction, speed, and moisture transport. Models handle large-scale features like the Arctic high and the main storm track much better than these fine-scale thermal details. As for the long range models, the Euro is the better one at it though, higher resolution on that layer.