[PDF] Damage Survey of the June 12, 1899 New Richmond, Wisconsin Tornado
Engineers from the NIST and ASCE went back in time and conducted a damage survey of tornado damage in New Richmond, Wisconsin after the tornado of 1899. While officially rated F5, the highest damage found corresponded to a rating of high-end EF3 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale, with winds of approximately 165 MPH. The structures in the area were poorly built, with no anchor bolts present. The brick hotel that was leveled to its first floor, while it was a candidate for a low-end EF4 rating, engineers found it had been pummeled by debris from other structures, exacerbating the level of destruction. The hardwood trees could have been debarked by wind speeds as low as the EF2 range.
Meteorologist Ted Fujita dissented, but we decided he didn't know what the hell he was talking about.